Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Ethanol Extract and Chemical Constituents Isolated from Homotrigona apicalis Propolis—In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies

The chemical investigation of Homotrigona apicalis propolis collected in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam, led to the isolation nine compounds, including four sesquiterpenes: spathulenol (1), 1αH,5βH-aromandendrane-4β,10α-diol (2), 1β,6α-dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene (3), and 1βH,5βH-aromandendrane-4α,10β-diol (4); three triterpenes: acetyl oleanolic acid (5), 3α-hydroxytirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic (6), ursolic (7); two xanthones: cochinchinone A (8) α-mangostin (9). Sesquiterpens 1–4 triterpene 6 were isolated for first time from stingless bee propolis. Plants Cratoxylum Aglaia genus suggested as resin sources sample. In antibacterial activity evaluation, EtOH extract only showed moderate on S. aureus, while compounds 7–9 good activity, with IC50 values 0.56 17.33 µg/mL. displayed selective cytotoxicity against A-549 cancer cell line, 22.82 ± 0.86 µg/mL, xanthones 8 9 exhibited KB, HepG-2, lines, ranging 7.55 0.25 µg/mL 29.27 2.07 cytotoxic effects determined by inhibition EGFR HER2 pathways using a molecular docking study. Compounds strong binding affinity EFGR HER2, −9.3 −9.9 kcal/mol. 5, 8, potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, which further confirmed computational studies. energies lower than that arcabose.